Australian Govt. green signal
for Adani Mining’s $1.9-b rail project
The Australian government has cleared Adani Mining’s $16.5 billion proposal to build a coal mine, among the world’s biggest, in Queensland State. The Carmichael Coal Mine project will involve open-cut and underground mining in the north Galilee Basin, produce 60 million tons of coal a year, and create a 189-km-long rail line.
The Australian government said the project would produce and transport coal to power the homes of about 100 million people in India. The value of the thermal coal resources, over a 60-year period, has been pegged at $300 billion.
The Australian government has cleared Adani Mining’s $16.5 billion proposal to build a coal mine, among the world’s biggest, in Queensland State. The Carmichael Coal Mine project will involve open-cut and underground mining in the north Galilee Basin, produce 60 million tons of coal a year, and create a 189-km-long rail line.
The Australian government said the project would produce and transport coal to power the homes of about 100 million people in India. The value of the thermal coal resources, over a 60-year period, has been pegged at $300 billion.
India, China agree on withdrawal
of troops from Ladakh
India and China have resolved the stand-off at the Ladakh border and withdrawal of troops will begin on 26th September and be completed by September 30, external affairs minister Sushma Swaraj said
Swaraj met with Chinese foreign affairs minister Wang Yi on 26th September at the United Nations and said that she discussed the border stand-off issue with him. The two armies were engaged in a stand-off at Chumar region in Ladakh, coinciding with the first visit of the Chinese President.
Tension in the area erupted on 21st September when some Chinese workers, who were constructing a road on their side, crossed into the Indian side and also claimed that they had orders to build a road up to Tible, 5-km deep inside Indian Territory.
India and China have resolved the stand-off at the Ladakh border and withdrawal of troops will begin on 26th September and be completed by September 30, external affairs minister Sushma Swaraj said
Swaraj met with Chinese foreign affairs minister Wang Yi on 26th September at the United Nations and said that she discussed the border stand-off issue with him. The two armies were engaged in a stand-off at Chumar region in Ladakh, coinciding with the first visit of the Chinese President.
Tension in the area erupted on 21st September when some Chinese workers, who were constructing a road on their side, crossed into the Indian side and also claimed that they had orders to build a road up to Tible, 5-km deep inside Indian Territory.
Modi has immunity from any suit:
US
Visiting heads of State not only enjoy immunity from American lawsuits but also they cannot be personally served or handed court summons, the US on 26th September said, a day after a US court issued summons against Prime Minister Narendra Modi for his alleged role in the 2002 communal violence in Gujarat when he was the state's chief minister.
Visiting heads of State not only enjoy immunity from American lawsuits but also they cannot be personally served or handed court summons, the US on 26th September said, a day after a US court issued summons against Prime Minister Narendra Modi for his alleged role in the 2002 communal violence in Gujarat when he was the state's chief minister.
Financial assistance to fight
Ebola virus
India announced to contribute 12 million US dollars to the United Nations to fight the deadly Ebola virus in Africa. The contribution was approved by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2014. India will contribute 10 million US dollar to Fund of United Nations Secretary General for Ebola and 2 million US dollar for purchase of protective gear to tackle Ebola.
The World Bank Group also approved 105 million US dollars grant for Ebola Emergency Response to fight Ebola in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in September 2014.
India announced to contribute 12 million US dollars to the United Nations to fight the deadly Ebola virus in Africa. The contribution was approved by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2014. India will contribute 10 million US dollar to Fund of United Nations Secretary General for Ebola and 2 million US dollar for purchase of protective gear to tackle Ebola.
The World Bank Group also approved 105 million US dollars grant for Ebola Emergency Response to fight Ebola in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in September 2014.
Modi asked to fight against
terrorism
Under a new leader, India on 27th September asserted itself in a blend of style and substance before the global community, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi made his maiden address to the United Nations General Assembly. Modi touched upon the Pakistan issue, fleetingly, among other things.
Referring to Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's speech reiterating the issue of a plebiscite on Kashmir, Modi wondered if anything could be achieved by raising the matter at the UN. He said India wanted to have a dialogue with Pakistan, but not under the shadow of terrorism.
The prime minister asked strengthen the UN instead of G-nations, he said the 'G' group would soon run out of serial numbers and advised them to become 'G-All'.
Under a new leader, India on 27th September asserted itself in a blend of style and substance before the global community, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi made his maiden address to the United Nations General Assembly. Modi touched upon the Pakistan issue, fleetingly, among other things.
Referring to Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's speech reiterating the issue of a plebiscite on Kashmir, Modi wondered if anything could be achieved by raising the matter at the UN. He said India wanted to have a dialogue with Pakistan, but not under the shadow of terrorism.
The prime minister asked strengthen the UN instead of G-nations, he said the 'G' group would soon run out of serial numbers and advised them to become 'G-All'.
He reaffirmed India's faith in
multilateralism and asserted it was not a forum to raise bilateral issues. He
also asserted that not one nation or group of nations could steer the United
Nations and the affairs of the world.
He lauded the efforts of 'Blue
Helmets', the UN Peacekeeping force where India has a big presence, in trying
to end want and hunger.
He said terrorism in any form was
unacceptable.
Asking members to reform the UN as
an existential imperative - institutions that reflect the imperatives of the
20th century will not be effective in the 21st.
He also urged the world to be led
by India's soft power - yoga, culture and belief in dialogue and peace - and
asked the UN to adopt an International Yoga Day.
TCS opens all-woman BPO centre
in S. Arabia
India's largest software exporter Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) on 14th September said it has opened Saudi Arabia's first all-female business process centre, which will provide employment to up to 3,000 women in three years. Saudi Aramco and GE are the centre's first customers, TCS said
Both the clients have already surpassed their target of recruiting 100 women each, while the total number of those employed at the centre stands at 300, it said. The Riyadh-based 3,200-sq mt facility will offer customers specialised finance and accounting, human resources, materials supply and office services to improve their operational efficiency, it said.
India's largest software exporter Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) on 14th September said it has opened Saudi Arabia's first all-female business process centre, which will provide employment to up to 3,000 women in three years. Saudi Aramco and GE are the centre's first customers, TCS said
Both the clients have already surpassed their target of recruiting 100 women each, while the total number of those employed at the centre stands at 300, it said. The Riyadh-based 3,200-sq mt facility will offer customers specialised finance and accounting, human resources, materials supply and office services to improve their operational efficiency, it said.
India-Vietnam sign seven pacts
Strategically important oil and gas cooperation and extension of a USD 100 million credit by India for defence purchases are among the seven pacts inked between India and Vietnam as they called for "freedom" of navigation in the South China Sea, a remark that could irk China which has been claiming territorial sovereignty over the high seas.
The agreements were signed during the second day of the four-day state visit of President Pranab Mukherjee who held talks with his Vietnamese counterpart Truong Tan Sang.
Both the countries decided to strengthen and deepen bilateral ties on the basis of the strategic partnership with focus on political, defence and security cooperation.
They decided to step up collaboration in the economic sector, science and technology, culture and people-to-people links.
In a subtle message to China, India and Vietnam, who established strategic ties in 2007, asserted that the freedom of navigation in the disputed waters of the resource-rich South China Sea should not be "impeded" and called all the parties "concerned" to exercise restraint in this context.
They agreed that freedom of navigation in the East Sea/South China Sea should not be impeded and called the parties concerned to exercise restraint, avoid threat or use of force and resolve disputes through peaceful means in accordance with universally recognised principles of international law, including the UNCLOS-1982," said a joint communique issued after the meeting.
China has been exerting its influence in these waters which is not taken well by Vietnam and other bordering countries like the Philippines. Beijing has also objected to India's exploration projects in the Vietnamese oil blocks.
Among the seven pacts inked, a Letter of Intent (LoI) was signed between the ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) and Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (PetroVietnam).
The LoI is aimed at further consolidating cooperation between India and Vietnam in energy sector and pave the way for future collaboration between the two countries.
The two sides urged for "collective commitment of the concerned parties to abide by and implement the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea and to work towards the adoption of a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea on the basis of consensus.
India and Vietnam also signed an MoU on extension of USD 100 million Line of Credit to Hanoi for defence procurement.
The pact, inked between the Exim Bank of India and the Vietnamese Finance Ministry, provides a concessional line of credit for procurement of defence equipment from India. Details of equipment to be procured by Vietnam are under finalisation.
Another significant pact signed during Mukherjee's visit is an MoU on operating and jointly promoting direct air services between Vietnam Airlines and domestic Indian air carrier Jet Airways.
For the first time, India and Vietnam will have direct daily flights from November 5 with Jet Airways connecting Delhi and Mumbai to the historic Ho Chi Minh City.
Apart from the LoI, the MoU on extending a credit line to Vietnam for defence purchases and the agreement on operating and jointly promoting direct air services, other pacts inked were -- agreement on cooperation and mutual assistance in customs matters, MoU on animal health, MoU on setting up of Pangasius breeding and farming in India and MoU on cooperation in youth affairs and skill development.
The two sides also agreed to undertake focussed cooperation in defence procurement.
The two leaders also agreed to enhance the economic partnership and strengthen the trade and investment linkages between the public and private sectors of both countries, including forging joint ventures.
A sapling of the revered 'Bodhi' tree, originally located in Gaya in Bihar, was on 15th September planted in the Presidential palace of Vietnam by Mukherjee, the second such offshoot of the holy tree in this country.The Indian delegation comprises Oil Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and five other Parliamentarians.
Strategically important oil and gas cooperation and extension of a USD 100 million credit by India for defence purchases are among the seven pacts inked between India and Vietnam as they called for "freedom" of navigation in the South China Sea, a remark that could irk China which has been claiming territorial sovereignty over the high seas.
The agreements were signed during the second day of the four-day state visit of President Pranab Mukherjee who held talks with his Vietnamese counterpart Truong Tan Sang.
Both the countries decided to strengthen and deepen bilateral ties on the basis of the strategic partnership with focus on political, defence and security cooperation.
They decided to step up collaboration in the economic sector, science and technology, culture and people-to-people links.
In a subtle message to China, India and Vietnam, who established strategic ties in 2007, asserted that the freedom of navigation in the disputed waters of the resource-rich South China Sea should not be "impeded" and called all the parties "concerned" to exercise restraint in this context.
They agreed that freedom of navigation in the East Sea/South China Sea should not be impeded and called the parties concerned to exercise restraint, avoid threat or use of force and resolve disputes through peaceful means in accordance with universally recognised principles of international law, including the UNCLOS-1982," said a joint communique issued after the meeting.
China has been exerting its influence in these waters which is not taken well by Vietnam and other bordering countries like the Philippines. Beijing has also objected to India's exploration projects in the Vietnamese oil blocks.
Among the seven pacts inked, a Letter of Intent (LoI) was signed between the ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) and Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (PetroVietnam).
The LoI is aimed at further consolidating cooperation between India and Vietnam in energy sector and pave the way for future collaboration between the two countries.
The two sides urged for "collective commitment of the concerned parties to abide by and implement the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea and to work towards the adoption of a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea on the basis of consensus.
India and Vietnam also signed an MoU on extension of USD 100 million Line of Credit to Hanoi for defence procurement.
The pact, inked between the Exim Bank of India and the Vietnamese Finance Ministry, provides a concessional line of credit for procurement of defence equipment from India. Details of equipment to be procured by Vietnam are under finalisation.
Another significant pact signed during Mukherjee's visit is an MoU on operating and jointly promoting direct air services between Vietnam Airlines and domestic Indian air carrier Jet Airways.
For the first time, India and Vietnam will have direct daily flights from November 5 with Jet Airways connecting Delhi and Mumbai to the historic Ho Chi Minh City.
Apart from the LoI, the MoU on extending a credit line to Vietnam for defence purchases and the agreement on operating and jointly promoting direct air services, other pacts inked were -- agreement on cooperation and mutual assistance in customs matters, MoU on animal health, MoU on setting up of Pangasius breeding and farming in India and MoU on cooperation in youth affairs and skill development.
The two sides also agreed to undertake focussed cooperation in defence procurement.
The two leaders also agreed to enhance the economic partnership and strengthen the trade and investment linkages between the public and private sectors of both countries, including forging joint ventures.
A sapling of the revered 'Bodhi' tree, originally located in Gaya in Bihar, was on 15th September planted in the Presidential palace of Vietnam by Mukherjee, the second such offshoot of the holy tree in this country.The Indian delegation comprises Oil Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and five other Parliamentarians.
Cairn India, NASSCOM tie up
Cairn India, in association with Nasscom Foundation, has established Cairn Nasscom Knowledge Centre at Challapalli village in Uppalaguptham mandal of East Godavari. This is a part of CSR actitivities, Cairn India has tied up with Nasscom Foundation to provide employability skills to the rural youth by imparting learning on basics of computer and spoken English courses.
India and china made 3 pacts
Chinese President Xi Jinping has reached India on 17th September, for a three visit in India. He was welcomed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. He reached Ahmedabad. The visit is billed as a significant leap forward to improve bilateral relations between the two Asian giants in these times of fast-changing power equations.
The Chinese President signed three memoranda of understanding (MoUs), heralding long-term cooperation and possible big-ticket investments. China, which has so far invested only Rs 700 crore in Gujarat, is expected to raise it significantly in the years to come.
Cairn India, in association with Nasscom Foundation, has established Cairn Nasscom Knowledge Centre at Challapalli village in Uppalaguptham mandal of East Godavari. This is a part of CSR actitivities, Cairn India has tied up with Nasscom Foundation to provide employability skills to the rural youth by imparting learning on basics of computer and spoken English courses.
India and china made 3 pacts
Chinese President Xi Jinping has reached India on 17th September, for a three visit in India. He was welcomed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. He reached Ahmedabad. The visit is billed as a significant leap forward to improve bilateral relations between the two Asian giants in these times of fast-changing power equations.
The Chinese President signed three memoranda of understanding (MoUs), heralding long-term cooperation and possible big-ticket investments. China, which has so far invested only Rs 700 crore in Gujarat, is expected to raise it significantly in the years to come.
An important MoU, effective for
three years, was signed between China Development Bank and the Gujarat
Government’s nodal agency for investments, iNDEXTb (Industrial Extension
Bureau) for investment promotion. The Bank will encourage Chinese investments
in Gujarat by extending credit to set up industrial facilities and factories at
these parks. iNDEXTb will assist Chinese investors in obtaining various
clearances and creating infrastructure at these parks, the first of which will
be set up near Vadodara to manufacture plastics, electrical equipment and
electronic goods.
The second MoU seeks to establish
“Sister Province” relations between Guangdong and Gujarat, covering cooperation
in economy and trade, environmental protection, public policy education,
health, science and technology, as also tourism and culture. The Sister
Provinces will also extend mutual cooperation in sports, youth affairs, urban
planning, waste water management, infrastructure, and exchange of business
delegations. This MoU will be in force for five years.
The third MoU, also for five years,
was signed between the cities of Guangzhou and Ahmedabad for closer cooperation
between the local authorities. “Knowledge-sharing will be done through
delegation visits, institutional meetings and sharing of experiences in areas
of mutual interest.”
Flag meet held
India and China on 17th September held a flag meeting to discuss the situation in Chumar sector of Ladakh where troops of both the sides are engaged in a face-off situation.
The Brigadier-level flag meeting was held at a border personnel meeting point in Chushul, where the issue of intrusion of Chinese civilians in the Demchok area was also discussed. The meeting discussed the situation in Chumar where the Chinese troops have entered into the perceived Indian area and they have been asked to leave. Around 300 Chinese troops had entered the Indian territory over five days ago and they were confronted by a group of around 100 soldiers from the Army and the ITBP there.
This was the second flag meeting that has taken place in the last one week between the two sides to defuse the situation. Chumar is one of the very few places along the Line of Actual Control where access to the border areas is easier from the Indian side and this place has witnessed several face-off situations in the last two-three years.
IndiGo inks Rs 15, 384 cr deal with China bank
Budget carrier IndiGo has entered into a $2.6-billion (Rs 15,384 crore) deal with Industrial & Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) for financing the purchase of over 30 aircraft. The two parties have signed a memorandum of understanding in the backdrop of Chinese Premier Xi Jinping’s ongoing state visit to India.
ICBC is said to be one of the
largest banks in the world by total assets and market capitalisation. In 2013,
it topped the Forbes Global 2000 list of world’s biggest public companies.
IndiGo — largest airline in India
by number of passengers carried — currently has a fleet of 81 Airbus A320
aircraft. It is one of the few profitable carriers in the country.
China to open doors wider for
Indian goods
India and China on 18th September agreed to work on improving the skewed bilateral trade relations and sort out the contentious border issue, which has often soured relations between the two countries.
As part of the trade balancing initiative, Chinese President Xi Jinping, announced that China will continue to take active steps to give more market access to products from India, including pharmaceutical and farm goods. Further, he also committed investments of $20 billion over five years.
According to Indian statistics, with an increase in the bilateral trade over the last decade, the trade imbalance against India also increased exponentially from $18.65 billion in 2009 to $36.86 billion in 2013.
The two sides exchanged 12 documents, including a five-year roadmap for promoting balanced and sustainable development of economic and trade relations between the two nations on the principle of equality and mutual benefits.
The two sides agreed to cooperate in the Railways sector with Xi saying that the two leaders agreed to increase the speed on the existing rail section from Chennai to Mysore via Bangalore. The two sides decided to declare 2015 as the Visit India year in China and 2016 as the Visit China year in India.
Renews Customs cooperation pact
India and China have renewed the agreement for Mutual Administrative Assistance and Cooperation in Customs matters. A fresh agreement was signed by the Chairperson of Central Board of Excise and Custom (CBEC) JM Shanti Sundharam and the Chinese Ambassador to India.
The fresh agreement will help in timely availability of relevant information for prevention, investigation and combating Customs offences. It will assist customs administrations in both the countries to exchange experiences in the techniques and methods of clearance of goods and passengers, exchanging information on new trends of smuggling and in simplification and harmonisation of procedures.
Bonding with films
With India and China signing an audio-visual co-production agreement on 18th September, the two countries have agreed to establish a joint working group to facilitate and come up with a concrete co-operation framework for the film sector.
This decision was taken at the meeting between Information and Broadcasting Minister Prakash Javadekar and his Chinese counterpart, Cai Fuchao, Minister for State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television. This group will meet on the sidelines of IFFI 2014 in Goa where China will be the key participant.
SBI, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank to get China Exim Bank credit
State Bank of India and ICICI Bank signed framework agreements with the Export Import Bank of China (China Exim Bank) for Lines of Credit (LOC) amounting to $1.8 billion and $1 billion respectively.
The LOC will be utilised for projects involving import of Chinese raw materials, energy, equipment, mechanical and electronic products, complete sets of equipment, new and high-tech products, energy projects, infrastructure and construction projects and any other projects mutually agreed on by the two banks, the banks said in their respective statements. Axis Bank, India’s third largest private bank, also signed an MoU with China Development Bank for an undisclosed amount to support its corporate clients by funding them at competitive rates.
The deal will also give the bank the opportunity to work closely with Chinese companies in meeting their requirements in India.
SBI, in the statement, said that the agreement is expected to be an important building block in the push to the infrastructure sector initiated by the new Government, which is expected to require an investment of over a trillion dollars over the next few years.
China allows Kailash Mansarovar Yatra via Nathula pass in Sikkim
Indians travelling on the annual Kailash Manasarovar yatra will soon have another route. China agreed to allow the yatra through the Nathula pass in Sikkim. The new route will pass through the city of Shigatse, which is part of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. This new route will be in addition to the Lipulekh pass in Uttarakhand through which the yatracurrently takes place.
A Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministries of External Affairs of India and China signed allows for the opening of the new route for Indian pilgrims to the Tibet Autonomous Region in the People’s Republic of China. As per agreement China will be guest of honour country at the New Delhi World Book Fair 2016 something.
An MoU between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the China National Space Administration will allow India and China to encourage exchange and cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, including research and development of scientific experiment satellites, remote sensing satellites and communication satellites.
The two countries have also agreed to enhance cooperation in the railway sector, including studying the feasibility of cooperation in a high-speed train as part of the MoU between the Ministry of Railways and Government of China on strengthening cooperation in Railways
India and China on 18th September agreed to work on improving the skewed bilateral trade relations and sort out the contentious border issue, which has often soured relations between the two countries.
As part of the trade balancing initiative, Chinese President Xi Jinping, announced that China will continue to take active steps to give more market access to products from India, including pharmaceutical and farm goods. Further, he also committed investments of $20 billion over five years.
According to Indian statistics, with an increase in the bilateral trade over the last decade, the trade imbalance against India also increased exponentially from $18.65 billion in 2009 to $36.86 billion in 2013.
The two sides exchanged 12 documents, including a five-year roadmap for promoting balanced and sustainable development of economic and trade relations between the two nations on the principle of equality and mutual benefits.
The two sides agreed to cooperate in the Railways sector with Xi saying that the two leaders agreed to increase the speed on the existing rail section from Chennai to Mysore via Bangalore. The two sides decided to declare 2015 as the Visit India year in China and 2016 as the Visit China year in India.
Renews Customs cooperation pact
India and China have renewed the agreement for Mutual Administrative Assistance and Cooperation in Customs matters. A fresh agreement was signed by the Chairperson of Central Board of Excise and Custom (CBEC) JM Shanti Sundharam and the Chinese Ambassador to India.
The fresh agreement will help in timely availability of relevant information for prevention, investigation and combating Customs offences. It will assist customs administrations in both the countries to exchange experiences in the techniques and methods of clearance of goods and passengers, exchanging information on new trends of smuggling and in simplification and harmonisation of procedures.
Bonding with films
With India and China signing an audio-visual co-production agreement on 18th September, the two countries have agreed to establish a joint working group to facilitate and come up with a concrete co-operation framework for the film sector.
This decision was taken at the meeting between Information and Broadcasting Minister Prakash Javadekar and his Chinese counterpart, Cai Fuchao, Minister for State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television. This group will meet on the sidelines of IFFI 2014 in Goa where China will be the key participant.
SBI, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank to get China Exim Bank credit
State Bank of India and ICICI Bank signed framework agreements with the Export Import Bank of China (China Exim Bank) for Lines of Credit (LOC) amounting to $1.8 billion and $1 billion respectively.
The LOC will be utilised for projects involving import of Chinese raw materials, energy, equipment, mechanical and electronic products, complete sets of equipment, new and high-tech products, energy projects, infrastructure and construction projects and any other projects mutually agreed on by the two banks, the banks said in their respective statements. Axis Bank, India’s third largest private bank, also signed an MoU with China Development Bank for an undisclosed amount to support its corporate clients by funding them at competitive rates.
The deal will also give the bank the opportunity to work closely with Chinese companies in meeting their requirements in India.
SBI, in the statement, said that the agreement is expected to be an important building block in the push to the infrastructure sector initiated by the new Government, which is expected to require an investment of over a trillion dollars over the next few years.
China allows Kailash Mansarovar Yatra via Nathula pass in Sikkim
Indians travelling on the annual Kailash Manasarovar yatra will soon have another route. China agreed to allow the yatra through the Nathula pass in Sikkim. The new route will pass through the city of Shigatse, which is part of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. This new route will be in addition to the Lipulekh pass in Uttarakhand through which the yatracurrently takes place.
A Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministries of External Affairs of India and China signed allows for the opening of the new route for Indian pilgrims to the Tibet Autonomous Region in the People’s Republic of China. As per agreement China will be guest of honour country at the New Delhi World Book Fair 2016 something.
An MoU between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the China National Space Administration will allow India and China to encourage exchange and cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, including research and development of scientific experiment satellites, remote sensing satellites and communication satellites.
The two countries have also agreed to enhance cooperation in the railway sector, including studying the feasibility of cooperation in a high-speed train as part of the MoU between the Ministry of Railways and Government of China on strengthening cooperation in Railways
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